Monday, November 9, 2009
Race & Racism in Brazil
After we read Jeffrey Fish's essay on race in Brazil titled MIXED BLOOD in the Conformity & Conflict textbook (McCurdy & Spradley), you could be left thinking racism doesn't exist in Brazil. This video paints another picture.
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Ethnography: Emic Perceptions
People who say "perception is reality" should stop saying it. Perception is a reality, in the sense that it's something we have to deal with. But perception isn't reality itself. In fact, perception is often demonstrably false. {CHECK OUT OTHER PERCEPTIONAL TESTS}
OK, the following test works better if you hear these instructions rather than if you read these instructions.For the conversation of race, how do you describe/identify a diverse group of people without talking to them about their race/ethnicity? Does it mean anything that you describe them a certain way ultimately? How does our enculturated view of race shape our views or perceptions of race? Does it change and how when you learn that race was learned as a social construct?That said, here's the test:
1. Look around the room you're in.
2. Now, close your eyes.
3. Answer this question: Is the room still there?Posted by Ara Rubyan on April 23, 2003 at 8:02 PM
The science of anthropology -- ethnography -- is not about getting rid of things. It's about assessing different views of life and comparing how we view life. You could come to the conclusion that ANYTHING is possible rather than things don't exist. I'll talk more about this the last day of class.
It's hard to see the world beyond ourselves.
It's even harder to see the world beyond our clan, our country, our religion . . .
It's hard to see justice.
It's easy for blind bigotry to backfire.
DEVELOP THE NEEDED
PERCEPTION, WE DO
NOT "SEE."
"The more we learn and understand, the more we realize that most of the universe is, in fact, outside our understanding -- like most of the electromagnetic spectrum is outside our perception. Much -- and likely most -- of that "outsideness" is in ways, in dimensions, that we find hard or impossible to grasp (see falter points)." Might ethnography be essential to us?
By doing ethnography, you may discover we are all inventing taxonomies, rituals, and beliefs or myths we live by.
Friday, October 10, 2008
CLARIFYING Social Construct
A social construction (social construct) is a concept or practice which may appear to be natural and obvious to those who accept it, but in reality is an invention or artifact of a particular culture or society. Social constructs are generally understood to be the by-products (often unintended or unconscious) of countless human choices rather than laws resulting from divine will or nature.
People never see social constructs from an emic point of view. The insider never can see it. Like the fish never sees the water or humans never think about air. It's taken for granted. The etic view, the participant observer, the outsider (even insiders can become outsiders to their own culture from travel, migration, going away to college, etc.) the begin to see how people in a culture accept the invention as natural and obvious.
Anthropologists use interviewing inside of participant-observation to "expose the way in which a particular belief has been shaped by social forces" (Writes philosopher Paul A. Boghossian in WHAT IS SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION? philosophy.fas.nyu.edu/docs/IO/1153/socialconstruction.pdf).
For instance, how did we/you learn the belief that North is up. One social force impacting that view was colonialism by the British Empire. They created a view through maps emphasizing the upper parts where they were located in their emic view. Reading importance from top to bottom is a social construction. Not all cultures read and have their views correlated that way. Others are equally valid in seeing things differently. "Another society, differing from us only in their social values [their learned ways of thinking, feeling, believing and behaving], would have arrived at a different and incompatible belief [or view]." Boghossian writes further:
There are certainly many things, and facts about them, that are socially constructed in the sense ... : money, citizenship and newspapers, for example. None of these things could have existed without society [or enculturation and acculturation]; and each of them could have been constructed differently had we so chosenTo clarify and be sure you are clear about what a social construct is, tell me what this says to you. How did you have the idea before reading this and how has it changed? If you get it, you can recreate it in your own words and even give an example back to me as if its yours.
If a belief of ours were shown to be socially constructed ... it would follow that we could abandon it without fear of irrationality [the earth is flat; Muslims are evil; carbohydrates are bad for you; noticing skin color causes racism]
[I]f we have the belief not because there is adequate evidence in its favor but because having it subserves some contingent social purpose [Muslims are evil], then if we happen not to share the social purpose it subserves we ought to be free to reject it.
Much important work has been done ... most significantly, it seems to me, [on the] topics of gender and race. Simone de Beauvoir (The Second Sex, 1953) and other feminist scholars since, have illuminated the extent to which gender roles are not inevitable but are rather the product of social forces. Anthony Appiah (Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race, 1996, with Amy Gutman) has been particularly forceful in demonstrating that nothing physical or biological corresponds to the racial categories that play a pervasive role in our social lives, that these categories owe their existence more to their social function [stratification of resources and wealth affecting our views of who has wealth, power and prestige] than they do to the scientific evidence.
Wednesday, July 16, 2008
Sunday, May 11, 2008
The Evolution of Race and Ethnicity in the US Census
The first thing to take into account is the question that were asked.
In 1880 the census wanted to know
a. Your color: White, Black, Mulatto, chinese, or Indian
b. Nativity: place of birth of the person and parents
In 2000 the census wanted to know
a. Is this person Spanish/Hispanic/Latino?
(Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Other
b. What is this person's 1st race.
(White, Black, American Indian, Asian Indian, Japanese, Korean...)
The first interesting thing to note is the change from the emphasis on color to the emphasis on Race.
The second interesting thing to note is the change from the term nativity to specifying ethnicity.
The third interesting thing to note is that the US has not deterred itself away from race even though it is inappropriate. The US composition of people are not Black or White. They are part of a background, an ethnicity be it specific or just plain American.
Wednesday, April 16, 2008
Chap 11 - On Ethnicity vs. Race and Obama's Comments on Being Bitter
Once I read the transcript below, I realized how race and politics as usual in the form of political soundbytes that distort the truth are at work. See for yourself and let me know what you think of his actual context and conversation.
In Chapter 11, Kottak emphasizes "multiculturalism" as one of the strategies humans have used to combat the assimilationist tendencies of the past where ethnic minorities had to give up their ethnic affiliation to fit into the American melting pot. (I am started to really appreciate the term "ethnic minorities" differently reading this this time around--it means there are ethnic majorities). Here is the synopsis from the chapter followed by Obama's actual words in a larger context. Goes to show CONTEXT IS DECISIVE.
In my opinion, speaking as both citizen and teacher, Obama is expanding multiculturalism to truly include the majority and minority along racial, class, socioeconomic, and gender lines in a platform for America (A More Perfect Union) that whether he wins or loses will alter the landscape of our nation and transform the old adage that W.E.B. Dubois once wrote, “The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line” (1903).
Multiculturalism and Ethnic IdentityFROM TOP OF GOOGLE SEARCH: "Obama and bitter"
- Multiculturalism is the view of cultural diversity in a country as something good and desirable.
- This view is opposed to assimilationism, which expects minorities to abandon their cultural traditions and values, replacing them with those of the majority population.
- Basic aspects of multiculturalism at the government level are the official espousal of some degree of cultural relativism along with the promotion of distinct ethnic practices. (be sure to look up this key anthropological term again in Kottak and memorize it!!)
- A number of factors have led the United States to move away from the assimilationist model and toward multiculturalism.
- Large-scale migration—driven by globalization as well as population growth and lack of economic opportunity in "less developed" countries—is introducing unparalleled ethnic variety to host nations, particularly the "developed" countries of North America and Europe.
- Ethnic identities are used increasingly to form self-help organizations focused on enhancing groups' economic and political competitiveness and combating discrimination.
Online Gambling Paper | Clinton Says Obama's bitter remark repeats democratic errors -
Obama: 'Bitter' Comments May Have Been a Mistake - Obama's "Bitter" Comment Halts His Momentum - |
IN HIS OWN WORDS:
Here's a transcript as well as a link to the audio to the APril 6 speech at a fundraiser
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mayhill-fowler/obama-no-surprise-that-ha_b_96188.html
> OBAMA: So, it depends on where you are, but I think it's fair to say
> that the places where we are going to have to do the most work are the
> places where people feel most cynical about government. The people are
> mis-appre...I think they're misunderstanding why the demographics in
> our, in this contest have broken out as they are. Because everybody
> just ascribes it to 'white working-class don't wanna work -- don't
> wanna vote for the black guy.' That's...there were intimations of that
> in an article in the Sunday New York Times today - kind of implies
> that it's sort of a race thing.
>
> Here's how it is: in a lot of these communities in big industrial
> states like Ohio and Pennsylvania, people have been beaten down so
> long, and they feel so betrayed by government, and when they hear a
> pitch that is premised on not being cynical about government, then a
> part of them just doesn't buy it. And when it's delivered by -- it's
> true that when it's delivered by a 46-year-old black man named Barack
> Obama (laughter), then that adds another layer of skepticism (laughter).
>
> But -- so the questions you're most likely to get about me, 'Well,
> what is this guy going to do for me? What's the concrete thing?' What
> they wanna hear is -- so, we'll give you talking points about what
> we're proposing -- close tax loopholes, roll back, you know, the tax
> cuts for the top 1 percent. Obama's gonna give tax breaks to
> middle-class folks and we're gonna provide health care for every
> American. So we'll go down a series of talking points.
>
> But the truth is, is that, our challenge is to get people persuaded
> that we can make progress when there's not evidence of that in their
> daily lives. You go into some of these small towns in Pennsylvania,
> and like a lot of small towns in the Midwest, the jobs have been gone
> now for 25 years and nothing's replaced them. And they fell through
> the Clinton administration, and the Bush administration, and each
> successive administration has said that somehow these communities are
> gonna regenerate and they have not. So it's not surprising then that
> they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion or antipathy to people
> who aren't like them or anti-immigrant sentiment or anti-trade
> sentiment as a way to explain their frustrations.
>
> Um, now these are in some communities, you know. I think what you'll
> find is, is that people of every background -- there are gonna be a
> mix of people, you can go in the toughest neighborhoods, you know
> working-class lunch-pail folks, you'll find Obama enthusiasts. And you
> can go into places where you think I'd be very strong and people will
> just be skeptical. The important thing is that you show up and you're
> doing what you're doing.
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Barack Obama: A More Perfect Union
Watch Barack's speech on race in America and building a more perfect union.
3/22: Joel asked for a link to video of the Pastor's comments. It's from the Huffington Post blog. I also wanted to note that this is a non-partisan blog. I am in no way promoting any candidate in our class.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/03/21/meet-the-white-man-who-_n_92793.html
Monday, March 10, 2008
Racism in the DR? They say no..
Here is an article about a woman who battles racism in the DR country. It caught my eye because it is true; racism is prevalent. Kiini Ibura Salaam writes:
Dominicans have created a myriad of names - morena (brown), india (indian), blanca oscura (dark white), trigueño (wheat colored) - to avoid referring to themselves as black. Nothing prepared us for a weekend field trip to the country where our weekend hosts got to pick the students they wanted to put up for the night. The first picked were the blondes. Standing there desolate and alone at the end were the blacks.
While I had a cordial, comfortable relationship with my host family, on many occasions I felt they might have related to me better were I white. When I would eagerly show them photographs of my friends from weekend trips, their eyes would go straight through my black friends' unsuspecting smiling faces and examine the blondes in the background. "Who's she?" they would ask, "Is she part of your group?"
http://www.nathanielturner.com/kiiniiburasalaam2.htm
-----
Skin Color has always been used as an ignorant excuse for distinction of class and it does not surprise me that is so in the DR. I just couldn't grasp why people would think that there would be no racism there.
Monday, February 25, 2008
African American Lives 2
Pedro here. As my first post I decided to introduce a cool show which i came upon by luck on saturday afternoon. I found it interesting and coincidential that it aired just as we were hitting the
whiteness and race topic. Just to wet your beaks a little it is hosted by Henry Louis Gates Jr., if i recall correctly is a harvard professor, who is on the journey to find his ancestry. He is joined by a cast raging from comedians, actors, athletes and bussiness elites, who also want to track their African roots.The show goes on to demonstrate many genealogical techniques used to find African ancestry before the civil war, where there was no detailed record of African-Americans. Also it goes to show the circumstances and standards of life a slave would be held to. It also goes to debunk many myths and assumptions about the period.
I posted up the link which goes straight to the thirteen section of the show. I tried to embed some videos from youtube but they are too short to embrace the content of the show, plus the
quality of picture is incomparable and even jolting for thirteen. Thanks guys, hope you enjoy the videos.Click the title of this post and also check out the Chris Rock segment
Monday, February 18, 2008
Culture, Race and Universal Human Rights
Over the weekend I have been thinking about our conversation about whiteness and my slide show and thought I needed to sure up my awareness of what the American Anthropological Association is providing on its website about the issue of race as a social construct. I found some invaluable links. [CLICK ON ANY IMAGE FOR MORE ABOUT IT]

One is to the PBS website for the video we've been watching a segment of over the last two weeks: Race: The Power of Illusion. We've been watching the episode titled "The Difference Between Us" talking about genetics and difference. On that site was a great site I expect you to visit. It is called IS RACE REAL? Read the ten facts there and check out RACE - The Power of an Illusion . Race Timeline | PBS to see how the definitions of whiteness, Indianness, Asianness, and Blackness have changed since the 1700s. Check out this part of the site recreating the "doll test" among black children about their racial preferences.
Kottak's Chapter 3 on Culture reveals the complex ways anthropologists view the concept and practice of culture. On p. 52-53, Kottak discusses Human and Cultural Rights. I took a few of the items in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from the U.N. that I thought might be interesting inside our ongoing conversation about whiteness, culture and the practice of doing anthropology--namely participant-observation (I'll say a bit more about Malinowski than how I left it "useful failures"), ethnography, emic-etic approaches, and working with cultural consultants.Article 1.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
For more on white privilege from whites themselves take a look at this blog
Tuesday, February 5, 2008
Creating a Museum of White Culture in America (Thu Feb 6th)
- Do some background searching on the web about whiteness (make sure you record the sources uses such as Google, Wikipedia and others from the web or print materials). Find icons we could use, websites, who are the experts we should consult or hire?
Andres Serrano, "The Interpretation of Dreams (White Nigger)," 2001, cibachrome/ silicone/plexiglas/wood frame, 60 x 49 1/2"- What model of a museum would work best? Consider museums you know like a wax museum, science centers (hands-on), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Guggenheim, the Museum of Sex, etc. Should it be a virtual museum, a learning museum or a marketing museum? Search for an appropriate model online and consider which might work best.
Here a source to start with but find your own too.
http://fno.org/museum/museweb.html
- We would need to create some exhibits around themes and issues. What are the themes and issues and imagine a main exhibit for the main hall. There are artists and scholars who've already done work on such themes and issues. Find some established and new artists/teachers/musicians/performers/scholars/issues etc. to feature. (i.e., Jena 6?, Kara Walker? Michael Moore?)

- A simple way to do this same project is to ask 5 people. As a study of race in our anthropology course, we are assigned to create a museum of White American culture. There are museums for all other ethnic/racial makeups. We wondered what should be exhibited in our collection. Could you list the first 3-5 themes or issues we should include. Or five objects or events we should feature to be representative of whiteness in America.
We can discuss the process here til Thursday and beyond.

